All 150 questions from UPPSC PCS Prelims 2022, GS Paper I. Each question has the correct answer and an explanation of why it is right and the other options are not. Try each one first, then open “Show answer and explanation”.
Answers with explanations are written by our team. Explanations still being checked by a subject expert are marked.
Answer: (c) Anti-caste Movement
Jyotiba Phule fought caste discrimination and Brahminical dominance; he founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (1873) and wrote 'Gulamgiri'.
Which two of the following States are the leading producers of Iron-Ore in India as per the Annual Report of the Ministry of Mines 2021-22?
1. Odisha
2. Chhattisgarh
3. Jharkhand
4. Karnataka
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) 1 and 2
Per the Ministry of Mines Annual Report 2021-22, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are the two leading iron ore producers; Odisha alone gives over half of India's output.
Answer: (a) 136th
India ranked 136th of 146 countries in the World Happiness Report 2022; Finland was first.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Building)
A. Sultan garhi
B. Red Palace
C. Jamat Khana Masjid
D. Dhai Din ka Jhopra
List-II (Builders)
1. Alauddin Khilji
2. Qutbuddin Aibak
3. Iltutmish
4. Balban
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (a) 3 4 1 2
Sultan Garhi (first Islamic tomb in India) – Iltutmish; Lal Mahal (Red Palace) – Balban; Jamat Khana Masjid at Nizamuddin – Alauddin Khilji; Adhai Din ka Jhonpra (Ajmer) – Qutbuddin Aibak. Code 3 4 1 2.
Answer: (b) Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus draws heavily on groundwater, its allelopathic leaf litter suppresses undergrowth, and monoculture plantations reduce biodiversity, so it is considered harmful to the environment.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other Reason (R).
Assertion (A): During the 20th century, poverty and poor people have become the subject of our concern and duty.
Reason (R): Strategically there was lack of targeted actions due to which this issue got momentum.
Select the answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) (A) is true but (R) is false
Poverty did become a central subject of public concern and state duty in the 20th century, so (A) is true. The issue gained momentum because of targeted anti-poverty programmes, not because of their absence, so (R) is false.
The booklet's English option (b) was misprinted as '(A) is false but (R) is false'; it is read as in the Hindi.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (d) P.V. Sindhu
P.V. Sindhu won the women's singles title at the Syed Modi International (Lucknow) in January 2022, her second title there.
Answer: (b) Non-biodegradable pollutant
DDT is not broken down by microbes; it persists and biomagnifies along food chains, so it is a non-biodegradable pollutant.
With reference to 45th World Bridge Championship which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Championship was held in Italy.
2. Indian Team won silver medal in the game for the first time.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
The 45th World Bridge Team Championships were held at Salsomaggiore Terme, Italy (March–April 2022), and India won its first silver medal at the event (in the senior teams' D'Orsi Bowl). Both statements are taken as correct.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (c) Hariyali
Hariyali (2003), of the Ministry of Rural Development, funds watershed projects through panchayats so that rural people can conserve water for drinking, irrigation and fisheries.
Answer: (d) 1986
The Environment (Protection) Act was passed in 1986, after the Bhopal gas tragedy, as an umbrella law for environmental protection.
Answer: (c) Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002
The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A (free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14 as a Fundamental Right), changed Article 45 and added the duty in Article 51A(k).
With reference to valuable I.T. Brands, which of the following statement is/are correct?
1. 'Accenture' is the most valuable Worldwide I.T. Brand in 2022.
2. T.C.S. is No. 2 in global I.T. Services Brands in 2022.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
In Brand Finance's IT Services 25 (2022), Accenture was the most valuable IT services brand and TCS ranked second. Both statements are correct.
Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
State – Members in the Legislative Assembly
Answer: (a) Manipur – 62
Manipur's Legislative Assembly has 60 members, not 62. Goa has 40, Uttar Pradesh 403 and Uttarakhand 70.
Arrange the following countries on the basis of 'Human Development Index 2022' in descending order:
1. Japan
2. Russia
3. Hong Kong
4. Australia
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (c) 3, 4, 1, 2
In the Human Development Report 2021/22 (released 2022): Hong Kong 4th, Australia 5th, Japan 19th, Russia 52nd. Descending order: 3, 4, 1, 2.
Answer: (c) Mahanadi
Basin areas: Mahanadi about 1.42 lakh sq km, Narmada about 0.99 lakh, Cauvery about 0.81 lakh and Tapti about 0.65 lakh sq km. The Mahanadi basin is the largest.
Answer: (c) Graphite
Graphite is the thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon at ordinary conditions (its standard enthalpy of formation is taken as zero); diamond is slightly less stable.
Answer: (c) Sanatan Dharma Rakshini Sabha - Calcutta
Sanatan Dharma Rakshini Sabha was founded in Calcutta (1873). Radhasoami Satsang was founded at Agra (1861), Bharat Dharma Mahamandal at Haridwar and later based in Banaras, and Dev Samaj at Lahore (1887).
Answer: (d) Methane
Natural gas is mostly methane (CH₄), usually 70–90% or more, with smaller amounts of ethane, propane and butane.
Answer: (c) Khambhat Coast
The Gulf of Khambhat has India's highest tidal range and the largest tidal energy potential (about 7,000 MW), followed by the Gulf of Kutch.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Plant disease)
A. Citrus Canker
B. Red rot disease of sugar cane
C. Krishnakant disease of potato
D. Sahu disease of wheat
List-II (Factor)
1. Insect
2. Deficiency of oxygen
3. Bacteria
4. Fungus
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 3 4 2 1
Citrus canker – bacteria (Xanthomonas); red rot of sugarcane – fungus (Colletotrichum); black heart of potato – oxygen deficiency in storage; the wheat disease listed (ear-cockle) – an insect/nematode-type pest. Code 3 4 2 1.
Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Agra and Darjeeling are located on the same latitude but temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling.
Reason (R): Temperature decreases with height, and because of the thin air, hill regions are colder than the plains.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Darjeeling is about 2,000 m high, and temperature falls about 6.5°C per km of height (thinner air holds less heat), so it is far colder than Agra on the same latitude. (R) explains (A).
With reference to Chandragupta-II which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The strongest evidence in the context of Shaka Victory is the silver coins of this King.
2. The weight of these coins used to be about 33 grains.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
Chandragupta II's silver coins, issued in the style of the Western Kshatrapas after he conquered them, are the strongest evidence of his Shaka victory. They weighed about 30–35 grains (around 33). Both statements are taken as correct.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (b) Parliament if requested by concerned states
Under Article 315, Parliament may by law provide for a Joint State Public Service Commission if the legislatures of the states concerned pass resolutions asking for it.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Day)
A. April 18
B. May 22
C. July 29
D. December 5
List-II (Event)
1. International Tiger Day
2. World Heritage Day
3. World Soil Day
4. International Day of Biodiversity
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 2 4 1 3
18 April – World Heritage Day; 22 May – International Day for Biological Diversity; 29 July – International Tiger Day; 5 December – World Soil Day. Code 2 4 1 3.
With reference to the 'India Smart City Awards Contest-2020' that was given in April 2022, Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Category)
A. Culture
B. Governance
C. Social Aspects
D. Urban Environment
List-II (Winner City)
1. Vadodara
2. Indore
3. Bhopal
4. Tirupati
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 2 1 4 3
In the India Smart Cities Awards Contest 2020 (announced April 2022): Culture – Indore; Governance – Vadodara; Social Aspects – Tirupati; Urban Environment – Bhopal. Code 2 1 4 3.
Answer: (b) Cochin
Cochin International Airport (Kerala) became the world's first fully solar-powered airport in 2015.
Answer: (b) Karolina Bielawska
Karolina Bielawska of Poland won Miss World 2021, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in March 2022.
Answer: (b) Lead Banking Scheme
LBS is the Lead Bank Scheme (1969): one bank leads banking development in each district, which supports financial inclusion. The booklet's English option (d) repeated (b); it is read as 'Loan Banking Scheme' from the Hindi.
Answer: (b) A form of meningitis in young children
Haemophilus influenzae (especially type b, Hib) causes bacterial meningitis in young children, along with pneumonia. Despite its name it does not cause influenza, which is viral.
Which of the following mountain ranges are in the Himalayan mountains?
1. Cho Oyu
2. Lhotse
3. Annamalai
4. Sirumali
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Only 1 and 2
Cho Oyu and Lhotse are Himalayan peaks on the Nepal–Tibet border. Anamalai and Sirumalai are hills of the Western/Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
With reference to Budget of Uttar Pradesh for the Financial Year 2020-21, which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
1. The size of the budget was Rs. 5,12,80.72 crores.
2. Certain new schemes were also included in this budget amounting to Rs. 10,967.87 crores.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
UP's 2020-21 budget was ₹5,12,860.72 crore (the booklet prints '5,12,80.72'), and it included new schemes worth ₹10,967.87 crore. Both statements are correct.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Philosopher)
A. Ramanuja
B. Madhavacharya
C. Nimbarka
D. Vallabhacharya
List-II (Philosophy)
1. Suddhadvait
2. Dvaitedvait
3. Dvaita
4. Vishishtadvaita
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 4 3 2 1
Ramanuja – Vishishtadvaita; Madhvacharya – Dvaita; Nimbarka – Dvaitadvaita; Vallabhacharya – Shuddhadvaita. Code 4 3 2 1.
Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Phytoplankton grow in abundance in the limnetic zone.
Reason (R): Limnetic zone is open water zone.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
The limnetic zone is the open, well-lit surface water away from the shore; sunlight reaches it, so phytoplankton grow abundantly there. (R) explains (A).
With reference to India which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
1. India is the sixth largest country of the world.
2. India occupies about 2.4% of the total area of the world.
3. Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country dividing into two latitudinal halves.
4. India lies completely in tropic zone.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (a) 2 and 3
India is the 7th largest country (not 6th) and has about 2.4% of the world's area. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle and divides India into two roughly equal latitudinal halves; the southern part is tropical and the northern part subtropical, so statement 4 is wrong. Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Answer: (b) Katarniaghat
Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (Bahraich) was established in 1975/76. Kishanpur dates from 1972 and the National Chambal Sanctuary from 1979.
Answer: (a) Keshvanand Bharti vs State of Kerala-1973
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), a 13-judge bench held that Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution but cannot alter its basic structure.
Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order.
I. The foundation of Gadar Party
II. Chittagong Armoury Raid
III. Set up of the 'Indian Independence Committee' at Berlin
IV. Central Assembly Bomb Case
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) I, III, IV and II
Ghadar Party – 1913; Indian Independence Committee in Berlin – 1915; Central Assembly bomb case – April 1929; Chittagong Armoury Raid – April 1930. Order: I, III, IV, II.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Person)
A. M.S. Swaminathan
B. L.K. Jha
C. Verghese Kurien
D. Morarji Desai
List-II (Concerned with)
1. Social control on Banks
2. Milk Production
3. Green Revolution
4. Economic Administration Reforms
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 3 4 2 1
M.S. Swaminathan – Green Revolution; L.K. Jha – Economic Administration Reforms Commission (1981); Verghese Kurien – milk production (Operation Flood); Morarji Desai – social control on banks (1968, as Finance Minister). Code 3 4 2 1.
Which two of the following are correctly matched?
Tribe – State
1. Keria – Odisha
2. Kuki – Uttar Pradesh
3. Yanadi – Rajasthan
4. Paliyan – Tamil Nadu
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) 1 and 4
The Kharia (Keria) live in Odisha and the Paliyan in Tamil Nadu, so pairs 1 and 4 are correct. The Kuki live in Manipur and the north-east, and the Yanadi in Andhra Pradesh.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Chile is the leading producer of copper in the world.
Reason (R): Andes Region of North Chile is enriched with the largest deposits of Porphyry copper.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Chile is the world's largest copper producer (about a quarter of world output) because the Andes of northern Chile hold the largest porphyry copper deposits, such as Escondida and Chuquicamata. (R) explains (A).
Answer: (d) Charles Booth
Charles Booth's survey 'Life and Labour of the People in London' (1889–1903) mapped poverty street by street and showed it to be a social problem, not just individual failing.
Answer: (a) Khwaza Ziya-uddin Nakhshabi
Ziya-ud-din Nakhshabi translated the Sanskrit 'Shuka Saptati' into Persian as 'Tutinama' (Tales of a Parrot) in the 14th century; an illustrated version was later made for Akbar.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Yojna/Programme)
A. National Rural Health Mission
B. National Social Assistance Programme
C. Swan Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna
D. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojna
List-II (Launching Year)
1. 1995
2. 2005
3. 2001
4. 1999
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 2 1 4 3
National Rural Health Mission – 2005; National Social Assistance Programme – 1995; Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana – 1999; Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana – 2001. Code 2 1 4 3.
Answer: (d) Jamnagar (India)
The WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine is being set up at Jamnagar, Gujarat; its foundation stone was laid in April 2022.
Answer: (b) Ozone
Photochemical smog forms when sunlight acts on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons; its main oxidant is ground-level ozone, along with PAN and aldehydes.
Which of the following statements about Lata Mangeshkar is/are true?
1. She was the first Indian artist ever to perform live at London's Royal Albert Hall.
2. She made her debut on the International stage at London's Royal Albert Hall.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
In 1974 Lata Mangeshkar became the first Indian artist to perform at London's Royal Albert Hall, which was also her international stage debut. Both statements are correct.
Answer: (c) Basra
The Sunni Triangle is the Sunni-majority area north and west of Baghdad, roughly between Baghdad, Ramadi and Tikrit. Basra is in the Shia-majority south.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The 73rd Amendment of the Constitution is considered to be a watershed in the history of local self government in India.
Reason (R): The 73rd Constitution Amendment conferred the much coveted Constitutional status on Panchayats.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
The 73rd Amendment (1992) added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule and gave panchayats constitutional status, with regular elections, reservations and finance commissions. This is why it is a watershed. (R) explains (A).
Answer: (b) Sajan Prakash
Sajan Prakash won gold in the men's 200 m butterfly at the Danish Open swimming meet in Copenhagen in April 2022.
Answer: (a) Badua
Badua dam is on the Badua river in Banka district, Bihar. Adwa and Ahraura dams are in Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh.
Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched?
Aluminium Plants – Location
Answer: (a) Madras Aluminium Company Limited (MALCO) – Chennai
MALCO's aluminium plant is at Mettur (Salem district, Tamil Nadu), not Chennai. BALCO is at Korba, HINDALCO at Renukoot, and INDAL had a smelter at Hirakud.
Consider the following Political Parties and arrange them in the chronological order of their establishment.
1. Bahujan Samaj Party
2. Samajwadi Party
3. Telugu Desham Party
4. All India Trinamool Congress
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (a) III, I, II, IV
Telugu Desam Party – 1982; Bahujan Samaj Party – 1984; Samajwadi Party – 1992; All India Trinamool Congress – 1998. Order: 3, 1, 2, 4 (III, I, II, IV).
Answer: (b) Rock Edict - XII
Major Rock Edict XII asks for respect for all sects and restraint in speech (vachaguti), so that the essence of all religions grows; it is Ashoka's edict on religious tolerance.
Answer: (a) Public Accounts Committee
The CAG's audit reports are laid before Parliament and examined by the Public Accounts Committee; the CAG is called its 'friend, philosopher and guide'.
Answer: (b) Lakhimpur Kheri
Dudhwa National Park is in Lakhimpur Kheri district on the Indo-Nepal border; with Kishanpur and Katarniaghat it forms the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Central)
A. Osaka
B. Detroit
C. Cuba
D. St. Petersburg
List-II (Industry)
1. Cigar
2. Ship building
3. Cotton textile
4. Automobile
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 3 4 1 2
Osaka – cotton textiles ('Manchester of Japan'); Detroit – automobiles; Cuba – cigars; St Petersburg – shipbuilding. Code 3 4 1 2.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG))
A. SDG 10
B. SDG 13
C. SDG 14
D. SDG 15
List-II (Related with)
1. Climate change
2. Life on land
3. Reduced inequalities
4. Life below water
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 2 1 4 3
SDG 10 – reduced inequalities; SDG 13 – climate action; SDG 14 – life below water; SDG 15 – life on land. The correct code is 3 1 4 2, which none of the printed options gives. (b) 2 1 4 3 is the closest (it gets B and C right); check the official key, which may have dropped this question.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Arrange the following conquests of Alauddin Khilji in chronological order.
1. Ranthambor
2. Gujarat
3. Warangal
4. Chittor
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (c) 2, 1, 4, 3
Gujarat – 1299; Ranthambore – 1301; Chittor – 1303; Warangal – 1309–10 (Malik Kafur). Order: 2, 1, 4, 3.
Answer: (d) Wool
Wool is a natural animal protein (keratin) fibre that microbes break down. Glass, plastic and aluminium foil are not biodegradable.
Answer: (d) Andhra Pradesh
ISFR 2021 reported the largest increase in forest cover since 2019 in Andhra Pradesh (647 sq km), followed by Telangana and Odisha.
Answer: (d) Baghpat - Wooden Toys
Under ODOP, Baghpat's product is home furnishing (handloom textiles), not wooden toys; wooden toys are linked with Varanasi and Chitrakoot. Gautam Buddh Nagar – readymade garments, Amethi – moonj products and Agra – leather are correct.
Answer: (b) Bangladesh
Bangladesh (with West Bengal) has the world's largest natural arsenic contamination of groundwater, from arsenic-bearing sediments of the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta.
Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order.
I. Battle of Mudki
II. Battle of Porto Novo
III. Battle of Shakarkheda
IV. Battle of Bedara
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) III, IV, II, I
Shakarkheda – 1724 (Nizam-ul-Mulk); Bedara – 1759 (English vs Dutch); Porto Novo – 1781 (Eyre Coote vs Hyder Ali); Mudki – 1845 (First Anglo-Sikh War). Order: III, IV, II, I.
Answer: (d) Antibacterial
Sulpha drugs (sulphonamides) are synthetic antibacterial agents that block bacterial folic acid synthesis.
Answer: (b) Hong Kong
Hong Kong was ranked the top business city in the Global Business Cities Index released in January 2022, and is taken as the answer.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (b) 1996
The Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, PESA, was passed in 1996 on the Bhuria Committee's recommendations; it extends Part IX to Fifth Schedule areas.
Answer: (c) Mohenjodaro and Lothal
A seal depicting a boat comes from Mohenjo-daro and a terracotta boat model from Lothal, the Harappan port with a dockyard.
Answer: (b) Nuclear energy
Biomass energy comes from organic matter such as wood and dung. Nuclear energy comes from fission of uranium and has nothing to do with biomass. (Coal is fossilised biomass, so it is not the intended answer.)
Answer: (a) Mineral Oil
The Pegu Yoma–Irrawaddy basin of Myanmar holds its main oilfields, such as Yenangyaung and Chauk, so mineral oil (petroleum) is the key mineral.
Answer: (c) Petrol engine
A carburettor mixes air and fuel for spark-ignition (petrol) engines. Diesel engines inject fuel directly into compressed hot air and need no carburettor.
Answer: (c) Samia Suluhu Hassan
Samia Suluhu Hassan became Tanzania's first woman President after John Magufuli's death (she took office in March 2021).
Answer: (a) Loktak
Keibul Lamjao in Manipur, the world's only floating national park, lies on the phumdis of Loktak Lake and protects the sangai deer.
Consider the following statements about farm subsidies in India.
1. The input subsidies in India, such as on fertilizers fall under indirect farm subsidies.
2. Reduction in Power and irrigation bills offered to farmers fall under direct farm subsidies.
3. The agricultural provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) though allow direct farm subsidies, prohibit indirect subsidies.
4. All subsidies provided by the governments in India fall under the indirect subsidies.
Select the correct statements using the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) 1 and 2
Input subsidies on fertilisers are treated as indirect farm subsidies (statement 1), and cuts in power and irrigation bills given to farmers are treated as direct subsidies in this classification (statement 2). The WTO Agreement on Agriculture does not ban indirect subsidies (3 is wrong), and India also gives direct transfers such as PM-KISAN (4 is wrong). The key is uncertain; verify.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (c) CUET
The Common University Entrance Test (CUET), conducted by the NTA, became the single admission test for undergraduate courses in central universities from 2022-23.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A solution of table salt in a glass of water is homogeneous.
Reason (R): A solution having different composition throughout is homogeneous.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) (A) is true but (R) is false
Salt dissolved in water forms a homogeneous solution, so (A) is true. A homogeneous mixture has the same (uniform) composition throughout, so (R), which says 'different composition', is false.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Newly Elected Presiding Officer of Vidhan Sabha)
A. Ramesh Tawadkar
B. Kultar Sandhwan
C. T. Satyabrat
D. Ritu Khandari
List-II (State)
1. Goa
2. Punjab
3. Manipur
4. Uttarakhand
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 1 2 3 4
Speakers elected in 2022: Ramesh Tawadkar – Goa; Kultar Singh Sandhwan – Punjab; Thokchom Satyabrata – Manipur; Ritu Khanduri (first woman Speaker) – Uttarakhand. Code 1 2 3 4.
Answer: (b) Population
Malthus (An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798) argued that population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, so positive and preventive checks follow.
Answer: (b) 24th August 1946
The first Interim Government, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, was announced on 24 August 1946 and took office on 2 September 1946.
Answer: (c) Amaravati
Ayaka platforms with five ayaka pillars on each cardinal side are a feature of the Andhra stupas, best known at Amaravati. Nagarjunakonda and Ghantasala also have them, so the question is ambiguous; Amaravati is taken as the answer.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (b) Moradabad
UNEP's Frontiers 2022 report ranked Dhaka the noisiest city and Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh) second, at 114 dB.
Answer: (b) September 16
World Ozone Day is 16 September, the date the Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987.
Answer: (b) Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (letter to the Viceroy, 30 May 1919). Sankaran Nair resigned from the Viceroy's Executive Council instead.
Answer: (c) Jyotiba Phule
Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj ('Society of Seekers of Truth') in 1873 for the rights of lower castes and women.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Waterfalls of India)
A. Dudhsagar
B. Barkana
C. Khandadhar
D. Palani
List-II (Location)
1. Karnataka
2. Odisha
3. Himachal Pradesh
4. Goa
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 4 1 2 3
Dudhsagar – Goa; Barkana – Karnataka (Agumbe, Shivamogga); Khandadhar – Odisha; Palani – Himachal Pradesh (near Manali). Code 4 1 2 3.
Answer: (c) Environment friendly
Ecomark, started by the Bureau of Indian Standards in 1991, labels consumer products that are environment friendly.
Answer: (b) Sarvaverman - Gaya Copper Plate
The Gaya copper plate belongs to Samudragupta, not the Maukhari Sarvavarman (known from the Asirgarh seal). Harha – Ishanavarman, Deo-Baranark – Jivitagupta II and Jaunpur – Ishvaravarman are correct.
Answer: (c) Echidna
The echidna, like the platypus, is a monotreme: an egg-laying mammal. Kangaroos are marsupials; hedgehogs and lorises are placental mammals.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Schedule)
A. Third Schedule
B. Fourth Schedule
C. Seventh Schedule
D. Eighth Schedule
List-II (Subject)
1. Allocation of Seats in the Council of States
2. Forms of Oath or Affirmations
3. Languages
4. List of subject matter of laws to be made by the parliament and by State Legislatures
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 2 1 4 3
Third Schedule – forms of oaths or affirmations; Fourth – allocation of seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha); Seventh – the Union, State and Concurrent Lists; Eighth – languages. Code 2 1 4 3.
Both extractions misread the codes; they were taken from the booklet. The Hindi item 1 ('राज्य विधान परिषदों') was corrected to Rajya Sabha.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Person)
A. D.K. Karve
B. J.E.D. Bethune
C. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D. B.M. Malabari
List-II (Associated works/Posts)
1. Establishment of Girls School in Calcutta
2. Secretary, Widow Re-marriage Association
3. Starting a crusade against child marriage
4. Principal of Sanskrit College in Calcutta
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 2 1 4 3
D.K. Karve – secretary of the Widow Remarriage Association; J.E.D. Bethune – girls' school in Calcutta (1849); Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar – principal of Sanskrit College, Calcutta; B.M. Malabari – campaign against child marriage (Age of Consent Act, 1891). Code 2 1 4 3.
With reference to Western Uttar Pradesh, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Western region of U.P is much more developed compared to other regions.
2. The region has witnessed the Green Revolution.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
Western UP has higher per-capita income, irrigation and agricultural productivity than the other regions, and was part of the Green Revolution belt with Punjab and Haryana. Both statements are correct.
Answer: (c) Teen Murti Bhavan
The Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya, on all of India's Prime Ministers, opened in April 2022 in the Teen Murti Bhavan complex, Nehru's former residence.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Committee)
A. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
B. Ashok Mehta Committee
C. L. M. Singhvi Committee
D. P. K. Thungon Committee
List-II (Year of Appointment)
1. 1957
2. 1977
3. 1986
4. 1988
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 1 2 3 4
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee – 1957; Ashok Mehta – 1977; L.M. Singhvi – 1986; P.K. Thungon – 1988. Code 1 2 3 4.
With reference to 'ecological niche' which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It represents the range of conditions that it can tolerate the resources it utilizes and its functional role in ecological systems.
2. Each species has a distinct niche.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
A niche is the range of conditions a species tolerates, the resources it uses and its functional role in the ecosystem. Each species has a distinct niche (competitive exclusion: no two species occupy the same niche for long). Both statements are correct.
Answer: (c) Marwar
Jaita and Kumpa (Kumbha) were generals of Rao Maldeo of Marwar; their stand at Sammel (Giri-Sumel, 1544) made Sher Shah remark he had nearly lost the empire of Hindustan for a handful of millet.
Answer: (d) Jain
Per Census 2011, Jains are the most urbanised religious group in India (about 79% urban); Hindus are the least urbanised among major groups.
Answer: (c) Gujarat, Kerala, Punjab
In NITI Aayog's State Energy and Climate Index (Round 1, April 2022), the top larger states were Gujarat, Kerala and Punjab.
Consider the following cities of Uttar Pradesh and arrange them in descending order in terms of their population.
1. Ghaziabad
2. Kanpur
3. Agra
4. Lucknow
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (c) II, IV, I, III
By Census 2011 urban agglomeration population: Kanpur (about 29.2 lakh), Lucknow (about 29.0 lakh), Ghaziabad (about 23.6 lakh, as part of the Delhi UA region) and Agra (about 17.6 lakh). Order II, IV, I, III. (By city corporation figures Lucknow is ahead of Kanpur, which no option gives.)
Answer: (c) Mark Vande Hei
Mark Vande Hei returned in March 2022 after 355 days on the ISS, the longest single spaceflight by a NASA astronaut (later surpassed by Frank Rubio in 2023).
Consider the following subjects and arrange them into sequential order as mentioned in the Constitution.
1. The union and its territory
2. Fundamental duties
3. Citizenship
4. Directive Principles of State Policy
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) I, III, IV, II
Part I – the Union and its territory; Part II – Citizenship; Part IV – Directive Principles; Part IVA – Fundamental Duties. Order: 1, 3, 4, 2.
Answer: (d) Operation Ganga
Operation Ganga (February–March 2022) evacuated Indian citizens, mostly medical students, from Ukraine through neighbouring countries.
Answer: (a) Argon
Argon is an inert monatomic gas that does not absorb infrared radiation, so it is not a greenhouse gas. CFCs, methane and carbon dioxide are.
Consider the following events of the reign of Aurangzeb and arrange them in chronological order:
1. Battle of Deorai
2. Defeat of Shuja near Banaras
3. Battle of Samugarh
4. Victory at Dharmat
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (a) 2, 4, 3 and 1
Shuja's defeat near Banaras (Bahadurpur, February 1658, by Sulaiman Shikoh); Dharmat (April 1658); Samugarh (May 1658); Deorai (March 1659). Order: 2, 4, 3, 1.
Answer: (a) Karnataka
AQUARIUM, described as India's first digital water data bank, was launched in Bengaluru, Karnataka, in April 2022 for clean water and water security.
Answer: (c) Methane
Saturn's atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with methane the next most abundant gas; of the options, methane is present in large quantity.
Answer: (a) Turkmenistan
The Karakum (Black Sand) desert covers about 70% of Turkmenistan. The Kyzylkum lies in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
Answer: (b) Aedes
Dengue is spread by Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti. (The Asian tiger mosquito is Aedes albopictus, a secondary vector; Culex spreads filaria and Anopheles malaria.)
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Text)
A. Ragmala
B. Rasakaumudi
C. Ragvivodh
D. Chaturdandi Prakashika
List-II (Writer)
1. Somnath
2. Venkatraman
3. Pundrik Vitthal
4. Srikanth
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 3 4 1 2
Ragamala – Pundarika Vitthala; Rasakaumudi – Srikantha; Ragavibodha – Somanatha; Chaturdandi Prakashika – Venkatamakhi (Venkataraman). Code 3 4 1 2.
Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
Quantity – S.I. Unit
Answer: (a) Activity of radio-active substance – Curie
The SI unit of radioactivity is the becquerel; the curie is an older non-SI unit. Dioptre (lens power), joule (heat) and pascal (pressure) are correct.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Bio-reserve Sector)
A. Manas
B. Sundarbans
C. Nanda Devi
D. Pachmarhi
List-II (State)
1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Assam
4. West Bengal
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 3 4 2 1
Manas – Assam; Sundarbans – West Bengal; Nanda Devi – Uttarakhand (listed as Uttar Pradesh, of which it was part when notified in 1988); Pachmarhi – Madhya Pradesh. Code 3 4 2 1.
Answer: (a) Space Research
The 17 SDGs include Zero Hunger (2), Quality Education (4) and Gender Equality (5); space research is not one of them.
Answer: (b) Germany
The Ruhr coalfield, Germany's industrial heartland, lies in North Rhine-Westphalia along the Ruhr river.
Answer: (a) Methane
CNG is natural gas compressed to about 200 bar; it is mainly methane (about 80–90%).
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Ocean)
A. Pacific
B. Arctic
C. Indian
D. Atlantic
List-II (Maximum Deepest Point)
1. Sunda Trench
2. Puerto Rico Trench
3. Mariana Trench
4. Molloy deep
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 3 4 1 2
Pacific – Mariana Trench (Challenger Deep); Arctic – Molloy Deep; Indian – Sunda (Java) Trench; Atlantic – Puerto Rico Trench. Code 3 4 1 2.
In the context of permissible noise level match List-I with List-II and select the answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Area)
A. Residential area
B. Silent zone
C. Industrial area
D. Commercial area
List-II (Permissible Noise Level)
1. 50 db
2. 55 db
3. 65 db
4. 70 db
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 2 1 4 3
Daytime limits under the Noise Pollution Rules, 2000: silence zone 50 dB, residential 55 dB, commercial 65 dB, industrial 75 dB. With the options given, residential 55, silence 50, industrial 70 and commercial 65 (code 2 1 4 3) is the best fit.
Answer: (b) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was Lok Sabha Speaker, not Vice-President, before becoming President in 1977. Zakir Husain, R. Venkataraman and Shankar Dayal Sharma were all Vice-Presidents first.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Newspaper/Magazine)
A. Swadesh
B. Bharat Bandhu
C. Satyawadi
D. Shakti
List-II (Place of publication)
1. Agra
2. Almora
3. Hathras
4. Gorakhpur
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (b) 4 3 1 2
Swadesh – Gorakhpur (Dasharath Prasad Dwivedi, 1919); Bharat Bandhu – Hathras; Satyawadi – Agra; Shakti – Almora (1918). Code 4 3 1 2.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about 'Make in India' Programme?
1. 'Make in India' Programme was launched in the year 2014.
2. It aims at encouraging companies for manufacturing in India and facilitating investment.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
Make in India was launched on 25 September 2014 to encourage companies to manufacture in India and to make investment easier. Both statements are correct.
With reference to the BIMSTEC, which of the following statements is/are true?
1. P. M. Narendra Modi addressed the 5th BIMSTEC Summit on 30th March, 2022.
2. 5th Summit of BIMSTEC had been chaired by India.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Only 1
PM Modi addressed the 5th BIMSTEC Summit on 30 March 2022, held virtually and chaired by Sri Lanka (Colombo), not India. Only statement 1 is correct.
Answer: (a) M. N. Srinivas
The term 'rurbanization' (rural areas taking on urban features) was coined by C.J. Galpin. Among Indian sociologists, M.N. Srinivas's work on village change and urbanisation is usually linked to it, so (a) is taken as the answer; verify against the key.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (a) Make its water pollution free only
The Ganga Action Plan (1985) aimed to improve the river's water quality by intercepting, diverting and treating sewage, i.e. pollution abatement; it was not about irrigation or dams.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (God)
A. Shiva
B. Vishnu
C. Ganesh
D. Saraswati
List-II (Symbol)
1. Chakra
2. Trident
3. Veena
4. Rope or noose
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 2 1 4 3
Shiva – trident (trishula); Vishnu – discus (chakra); Ganesha – noose (pasha); Saraswati – veena. Code 2 1 4 3.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Trade Union)
A. Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh
B. Indian National Trade Union Congress
C. United Trade Union Congress
D. All India Trade Union Congress
List-II (Party Affiliation)
1. Indian National Congress
2. Communist Party of India
3. Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4. Bhartiya Janta Party
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 4 1 3 2
BMS – BJP (Sangh parivar); INTUC – Indian National Congress; UTUC – listed with CPI(M) (in fact UTUC is linked with the RSP; CITU is CPI(M)'s union); AITUC – CPI. Code 4 1 3 2 is the intended answer.
Answer: (b) Relates to flouting of Covid-19 norms by British P.M.'s Office
'Partygate' was the scandal over gatherings held at 10 Downing Street and other government offices in breach of COVID-19 lockdown rules; Boris Johnson was fined in April 2022.
Answer: (c) Street vendors
PM SVANidhi (June 2020) gives street vendors collateral-free working-capital loans (₹10,000 at first) with interest subsidy and digital-payment incentives.
With reference to Borneo Island, located in South-East Asia, which of the following statements is/are true?
1. It is divided among three countries.
2. It has been formed due to volcano deposition.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (d) Only 1
Borneo is shared by Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) and Brunei, so statement 1 is correct. Unlike Java or Sumatra, it is not of volcanic origin and has almost no active volcanoes, so statement 2 is wrong.
Answer: (d) Rayon - Modified starch
Rayon is regenerated (modified) cellulose, not starch. Neoprene is a synthetic rubber, aspartame an artificial sweetener and oxytocin a hormone.
Answer: (a) Vyomesh Chandra, Gopen Chakravartee, Sacheendra Sanyal
The Hindustan Republican Association (1924) was founded by revolutionaries including Sachindra Nath Sanyal, with Bengal revolutionaries such as Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee; Bhagat Singh and others renamed it the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in 1928. Of the printed sets, (a), which includes Sachindra Sanyal, is taken as the answer; verify.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (d) Working population of 15 to 59 years
The demographic dividend is the growth potential from a large working-age population; in India this is usually taken as ages 15–59 (or 15–64).
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Hill/Mountain)
A. Bateshwar Hill
B. Bilari Range
C. Chin Range
D. Dhoshi Hill
List-II (Location in State)
1. Haryana
2. Manipur
3. Bihar
4. Karnataka
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (c) 3 4 2 1
Bateshwar hill – Bihar (Bhagalpur); Bilari (Biligiri Rangan) range – Karnataka; Chin hills – Manipur border region; Dhosi hill – Haryana (Mahendragarh). Code 3 4 2 1.
Answer: (d) 69th
The 69th Amendment Act, 1991 inserted Articles 239AA and 239AB, made Delhi the National Capital Territory and gave it a Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers.
Answer: (d) Photo voltaic cells
Photovoltaic (solar) cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Dry, Leclanché and voltaic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Answer: (c) Chief Ministers of Assam and Meghalaya
On 29 March 2022, Chief Ministers Himanta Biswa Sarma (Assam) and Conrad Sangma (Meghalaya) signed the agreement settling six of twelve disputed areas, in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
Answer: (a) To protect monuments and places of national importance
Protecting monuments and places of national importance is a Directive Principle (Article 49). Protecting the environment (51A(g)), safeguarding public property (51A(i)) and respecting the National Anthem (51A(a)) are Fundamental Duties.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Officer)
A. Talar
B. Pattakola
C. Sahsadhipati
D. Baladhip
List-II (Duty)
1. Guard of Octroi
2. Officer of cases of robbery and theft
3. Officer of Night Guards
4. Village Tax Collector
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (d) 3 4 2 1
In early medieval inscriptions: Talar (talara) – officer of night guards; Pattakila – village headman who collected taxes; Sahasadhipati – officer for cases of violent crime (robbery, theft); Baladhipa – guard in charge of octroi posts. Code 3 4 2 1.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Revolution)
A. Golden Revolution
B. Grey Revolution
C. Yellow Revolution
D. Black Revolution
List-II (Related with)
1. Oil seed production
2. Horticulture and Honey
3. Petroleum production
4. Fertilizers
Code:
A B C D
Answer: (a) 2 4 1 3
Golden revolution – horticulture and honey; Grey – fertilisers; Yellow – oilseeds; Black – petroleum (ethanol blending). Code 2 4 1 3.
Answer: (d) Bolivia
Bolivia lost its coastline to Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879–84) and is landlocked, like Paraguay. Uruguay, Suriname and Peru have coasts.
Answer: (a) Long wave terrestrial radiation
The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation; it is heated mainly from below, by long-wave terrestrial radiation absorbed by water vapour and CO₂.
Answer: (b) Nuclear energy
Biomass and wind energy come from the sun. Nuclear energy comes from the fission of uranium, which owes nothing to the sun; this follows the NCERT answer. Geothermal energy (Earth's internal heat) is also not solar, so verify the official key.
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (a) China
China produces over half of the world's crude steel (about 1,030 million tonnes in 2021); India is second.
Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched?
Lok Sabha – Election Year
Answer: (d) 7th – 1982
The 7th Lok Sabha was elected in 1980, not 1982. The 13th (1999), 11th (1996) and 9th (1989) are correctly matched.
Answer: (c) Kerala - Rubber
Kerala produces most of India's natural rubber. Tea is grown in Assam and West Bengal, jute in West Bengal, and wheat mainly in UP, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
UNDP's Human Development Report 1997 distinguished income poverty (lack of income) from human poverty (deprivation in a long life, knowledge and a decent standard of living), measured by the Human Poverty Index.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Rainfall occurs in the winter season in mediterranean climate.
Reason (R): In summer these regions remain under the influence of dry terrestrial winds.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Mediterranean regions get winter rain from the westerlies when the pressure belts shift towards the equator (A is true). In summer they lie under dry offshore trade winds and subtropical highs (R is true), but this explains the dry summer, not the winter rain, so (R) does not explain (A).
This explanation is being checked by a subject expert.
Answer: (d) 2019-20
Jal Jeevan Mission (tap water to every rural household, Har Ghar Jal) was announced in the Union Budget 2019-20 and launched on 15 August 2019.
Answer: (a) Shahjahan
Kavindracharya Saraswati of Banaras was patronised by Shah Jahan; he persuaded the emperor to abolish the pilgrim tax on Banaras and Prayag.
Answer: (c) 24th January
Uttar Pradesh Day is celebrated on 24 January; on that date in 1950 the United Provinces was renamed Uttar Pradesh. It has been observed since 2018.
Answer: (c) Whole virus vaccine
Sinovac's CoronaVac is an inactivated whole-virus vaccine, like Covaxin.
With reference to Commonwealth Games Scheduled in 2022 and 2026, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Commonwealth Games will be held in Birmingham (England) in July-August 2022.
2. Commonwealth Games will be held in Victoria (Australia) in 2026.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
Answer: (b) Both 1 and 2
The 2022 Commonwealth Games were held in Birmingham (July–August 2022), and in 2022 the 2026 Games were awarded to Victoria, Australia (which later withdrew in 2023). Both statements were correct when asked.
Answer: (b) October 5
The Environment Ministry declared 5 October as National Dolphin Day (first observed in 2022), the date the Gangetic dolphin was declared the National Aquatic Animal in 2009.
Timed mock tests with negative marking, in English and हिन्दी, with an explanation for every answer and subject-wise analysis of your result.
